Modal Verbs of Obligation & Prohibition ESL Activities, Games & Worksheets

ESL Have to Activity - Speaking: Forming, Asking and Answering Questions from Prompts, Controlled Practice - Group Work In this free have to speaking activity, students conduct a survey where they ask and answer yes/no questions to find out what people have to and don't have to do. First, in groups, students create the 'Do you have to...?' question they need to ask from their survey card, e.g. 'Do you have to cook dinner tonight?' Students then go around their group, asking and answering the 'Do you have to...?' questions. Students tally the number of people who answer yes or no to their question on the card. When everyone has finished, each student reports their findings to the class, e.g. 'Four students have to cook dinner tonight. Eight students don't have to cook dinner.' show less

ESL Should and Shouldn't Game - Grammar and Vocabulary: Matching, Binary Choice - Group Work Here is a productive should and shouldn't game to help students practice the modal verbs 'should' and 'shouldn't' for obligation and prohibition. In groups, students take turns turning over one situation card and one sentence card. If the sentences on the card match the situation, the student reads the two sentences, choosing the correct form of 'should' or 'shouldn't' to complete each sentence. If the other students agree that the two cards match and the student has used the correct form of should in each sentence, the student underlines the correct modal verbs and keeps the cards. If the two cards don't match, the student turns them back over, keeping them in the same place. The student with the most pairs of cards at the end of the game wins. show less

ESL Must and Mustn't Activity - Grammar and Speaking: Information Gap, Asking and Answering Questions, Controlled Practice - Pair Work In this useful must and mustn't information gap activity, students ask and answer questions with 'must' and 'mustn't' to complete a set of rules for different situations. In pairs, students take turns asking their partner questions with must or mustn't, e.g. 'What must you do at the library?' or 'What mustn't you do on a plane?' Their partner then looks at their worksheet and reads the rule to the other student, who writes it in their table. Afterwards, check the answers with the class by asking the students questions with must and mustn't. show less

ESL Modal Verbs of Obligation and Prohibition Activity - Vocabulary and Writing Exercise: Writing Sentences - Group Work In this light-hearted modal verbs of obligation and prohibition activity, students write an imaginary classroom contract for their teacher. In groups, students read the student contract on the worksheet. Students then use modal verbs of obligation and prohibition to write a teacher contract about all the rules and regulations they think you should follow. The contract shouldn't be too serious. Instead, encourage students to create an amusing or imaginative set of rules. When everyone has finished, each group reads out their teacher contract to the class. After each group has presented, you and the group members sign the contract. show less

ESL Have to Worksheet - Grammar, Vocabulary and Writing Exercises: Writing Sentences from Prompts, Paragraph Writing This free modal verbs of obligation worksheet helps to teach students how to express obligation with have to and has to. First, students write sentences about what David has to do today by looking at items on his desk and using verbs and nouns in a box to write sentences with has to. Afterwards, students write a short paragraph about what they have to do today using have to. Finally, students read their paragraphs to the class. show less

ESL Modal Verbs of Obligation Game - Vocabulary and Writing: Writing and Reading Sentences, Guessing - Pair Work In this engaging modal verbs of obligation game, students complete sentences expressing obligation for 'How to...' topics and then use the sentences in a guessing game. In pairs, students think of six 'How to...' topics and complete six sentences, expressing obligation for each topic, e.g. 'You must...', 'You should...', etc. Pairs then take it in turns to read out their sentences to another pair who has to guess the 'How to...' topic from the expressions of obligation. For each correct guess, pairs score one point. The pair with the most points wins the game. show less

ESL Modal Verbs of Prohibition Worksheet - Grammar and Vocabulary Exercises: Matching, True or False, Gap-fill, Sentence Completion In this useful modal verbs of prohibition worksheet, students practice 'can't', 'mustn't' and 'may not' to communicate prohibited actions in a variety of situations. Students begin by matching prohibited actions with corresponding locations. Next, students read a list of strange old laws from countries around the world and decide if they are real or not, writing T for true or F for false next to each law. After that, students use expressions from a box to complete the prohibition for each situation shown. In the last exercise, students write three things that are prohibited in their home using can't, mustn't and may not. show less

ESL Can and Can't Activity - Speaking: Guided Discussion, True or False, Guessing - Pair and Group Work Here is an insightful can and can't activity to help students practice 'can' for permission and 'can't' for prohibition by discussing international laws and guessing which ones are true and false. First, in pairs, students discuss the international laws and decide whether each one is true or false, marking their answers in the column marked 'Pair'. Each pair then joins with another pair to make a group of four. Next, each group discusses the international laws again and reaches an agreement about which ones are true and which are false, putting their final answers in the 'Group' column. Afterwards, go through each law and have the groups give their answers. Then, reveal the correct answer. For each correct guess, groups score one point. The group with the most points wins. Finally, discuss which laws surprised the students the most. show less

ESL Modal Verbs of Obligation Game - Vocabulary and Writing: Writing Sentences - Group Work In this creative modal verbs of obligation game, students make sentences about what people must do or be if they want to be successful in a particular job. Write the name of a job on the board, e.g. athlete. In teams, students have five minutes to write down as many 'You must...' sentences, expressing things people must do or be if they want to be successful in that particular kind of work, e.g. 'You must train every day'. When the time limit has been reached, the teams swap papers for marking. For each grammatically correct and appropriate sentence, teams score a point. Play several rounds with different jobs and other modal verbs and expressions of obligation, e.g. have to, should and ought to. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins. show less

ESL Must and Mustn't Activity - Speaking: Sentence Completion, Discussion, Freer Practice - Group Work In this free must and mustn't speaking activity, students write and discuss how they would like people to behave in a perfect world using the modal verbs 'must' for obligation and 'mustn't' for prohibition. Working alone, students complete sentences about how they would like different people to behave using must and mustn't. Students then discuss and compare their answers in groups and talk about what qualities each person on the worksheet should have. Afterwards, groups give feedback to the class on their findings. show less

ESL Modal Verbs of Obligation Activity - Speaking: Running Dictation, Freer Practice - Pair Work - Grammar Exercises: Gap-fill, Matching, Writing Sentences In this enjoyable modal verbs of obligation running dictation activity, students practice completing and writing rules for various places. One student is the reader and the other is the writer. The reader runs to Text A, reads the first sentence, remembers it, runs back and dictates it to the writer who writes the sentence on the back of their worksheet. This continues until all the sentences in Text A have been dictated. Students then swap roles for Text B and the process is repeated. Next, students refer to the sentences they just wrote down and complete rules with the modal verbs of obligation: must, mustn't, have to, don't have to, should or shouldn't. Students then read the sentences and decide which rules are for a museum and which are rules for a swimming pool. The first pair to do this correctly wins. Afterwards, pairs think of a place and write five rules for that place using modal verbs of obligation. Finally, students go around the class reading their sentences to other pairs who try to guess the place being described. show less

ESL Modal Verbs of Obligation and Prohibition Activity - Vocabulary and Writing: Writing Sentences, Presenting - Pair Work In this handy modal verbs of obligation and prohibition activity, students write ten rules for studying in English class using must, should and have to. In pairs, students use modal verbs of obligation and prohibition to write ten rules for studying in English class, explaining the reason for each rule. Pairs then take it in turns to read out their rules to the class. Afterwards, students work together as a class to come up with a list of ten rules that they all agree on. show less

ESL Modal Verbs of Obligation and Prohibition Activity - Vocabulary, Writing and Speaking: Writing Sentences from Prompts, Guided Discussion, Freer Practice - Group Work In this imaginative modal verbs of obligation and prohibition activity, students use modal verbs to make rules for guests and staff in a hotel using must, mustn't, have to, don't have to and can't. Students imagine that they have taken over the management of a hotel and that they are going to decide what rules to have in the hotel for guests and staff. In groups, students use prompts on the worksheet to create a set of rules with modal verbs of obligation and prohibition. Each group then joins with another group and compares rules, taking note of rules which are the same and different. If one group doesn't agree with another group's rule, they try to persuade the other group to change it. Finally, groups explain their rules to the class and the class tries to agree on one set of rules for the hotel. show less

ESL Have to Activity - Vocabulary, Speaking and Writing: Information Gap, Asking and Answering Questions, Gap-fill, Identifying, Writing Sentences, Freer Practice - Pair Work This rewarding modal verbs of obligation activity can be used to help students practice have to, has to, don't have to, and doesn't have to. In pairs, students begin by asking their partner questions to find out which person on their worksheet has to do which household chore, e.g. 'Does Ethan have to clean the house?' When the students have found out who does each household chore, they complete sentences with the correct form of 'have to'. After that, students decide who said different statements about what they have to do. Finally, students write about the household chores they have to do and then tell their partner about them. show less

ESL Have to and Must Game - Speaking and Vocabulary: Reading and Writing Clues, Guessing - Pair Work In this free have to and must game, students guess jobs from clues that contain expressions of obligation and prohibition with must, mustn't, have to, and don't have to. There are six clues for each job. The first clue is quite difficult and the last clue is very easy. In pairs, one student goes first and picks up a card. The student then reads out the first clue on the card to their partner who listens and guesses what the job could be. If the guess is incorrect, the student reads the next clue and so on. If their partner correctly guesses the job, they get the number of points indicated next to the clue. The two students then swap roles. This continues until all the cards have been used. The student with the most points at the end of the game wins. Afterwards, each pair thinks of a job and creates their own clues using expressions of obligation and prohibition. The pairs then read their clues for the class to guess. show less

ESL Modal Verbs of Obligation and Prohibition Worksheet - Grammar and Writing Exercise: Matching, Forming Sentence from Prompts In this productive modal verbs of obligation and prohibition worksheet, students practice expressing obligation and prohibition with 'can't', 'have to' and 'don't have to' by joining sentence parts together to make a set of school rules. Each sentence on the worksheet is split into three parts. Students join the three parts of each sentence together to make a school rule and write the sentence down on the worksheet. The first student to complete all the sentences correctly is the winner. show less

ESL Should Activity - Speaking: Forming, Asking and Answering Questions from Prompts, Freer Practice In this interesting should and shouldn't speaking activity, students practice asking and answering yes/no questions with should. This activity can be used to practice the modal verbs 'should' and 'shouldn't' for mild obligation and giving opinions. Students go through the items on the worksheet and form the yes/no questions they need to ask in order to do the activity, e.g. 'Should people eat meat?' Students then move around the classroom asking yes/no questions and completing their worksheets with yes or no answers, depending on whether the item on the worksheet is affirmative or negative. When a classmate responds appropriately, the student writes down their name and asks a follow-up question to gain more information. When everyone has finished, students give feedback to the class on what they found out. show less

ESL Modal Verbs of Obligation and Prohibition Board Game - Speaking: Forming Sentences from Prompts, Freer Practice - Group Work In this fun modal verbs of obligation and prohibition board game, students review how to express past and present obligation, lack of obligation, and prohibition. Students take it in turns to roll the dice and move their counter along the board. When a student lands on a square, they make a sentence with the underlined language from the prompt, expressing past or present obligation, lack of obligation or prohibition. For example, if the square read 'Three things you mustn't do in class', the student might say 'You mustn't eat snacks, talk loudly or use your mobile phone in class'. The other group members listen to the student's sentence and judge whether it's correct or not. If the sentence is correct, the student stays on the square. If the sentence is grammatically incorrect or doesn't make sense, the student goes back two squares. The first student to reach the finish wins the game. show less

ESL Have to and Should Activity - Speaking: Guessing, Guided Discussion, Freer Practice - Pair Work In this thought-provoking have to and should speaking activity, students decide and discuss how strongly they agree or disagree with statements containing modal verbs and expressions of obligation. In pairs, students begin by deciding how strongly they agree or disagree with ten statements by circling numbers on the worksheet. Students then guess their partner's opinion about each statement. Students then compare and justify their answers with their partner and see how many guesses they got right. show less

ESL Had To and Didn't Have To Activity - Speaking: Asking and Answering Questions from Prompts, Controlled and Freer Practice This memorable past obligation speaking activity helps to teach students how to express obligation in the past with had to and didn't have to. In the activity, students ask and answer questions about what they were obligated to do when they were children. Students start by turning each statement on the worksheet into a question, e.g. 'When you were young, did you have to go to school by bus?' Students also create two more questions of their own at the bottom of the worksheet. Next, students go around the class asking one another their questions. When a student finds someone who answers 'Yes, I did' to a question made from a positive statement, they write down that person's name. If the question is about a negative statement, the student needs to find someone who answers 'No, I didn't'. When a student writes down someone's name, they ask a follow-up question to gain more information and write down the answer. Afterwards, students give feedback to the class on what they found out using had to and didn't have to. show less

ESL Modal Verbs of Obligation and Prohibition Game - Grammar: Writing Sentences, Guessing - Pair Work In this entertaining modal verbs of obligation and prohibition activity, students play a guessing game where they describe places and situations using modal verbs and expressions of obligation and prohibition. In pairs, students describe the place or situation on their card by writing five sentences with modal verbs of obligation and prohibition, e.g. must, should, have to, etc. Finally, pairs take it in turns to read their sentences to the class who tries to guess the place or situation described by each pair. show less

ESL Had To Activity - Speaking: Survey, Asking and Answering Questions, Freer Practice - Group Work In this free past modal verbs of obligation and prohibition speaking activity, students ask and answer questions about what they were and weren't allowed to do and had to do when they were a child. This activity can be used to practice permission, obligation and prohibition in the past. The students' task is to find out the answer to the question on their card by speaking to everybody in the group. Students go around their group finding out about what their classmates were and weren't allowed to do and had to do when they were a child by asking questions with 'Were you allowed to...?' or 'Did you have to...?' Students put a tick or cross on the back of the card each time a classmate answers yes or no. When everyone has finished, students sit down in their groups and take it in turns to talk about the information they found out. Finally, groups take it in turns to report back to the class on what they found out during the activity. show less